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道法自然

名词解释题
2023-03-05 10:52
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正确答案
老子的哲学思想。语出老子《道德经》“人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然。”法字为动词,意为效法,遵循。道法自然的意思就是大道以自然为纲,遵循其规律。道法自然即道效法或遵循自然,也就是说万事万物的运行法则都是遵守自然规律的。老子认为,"道"虽是生长万物的,却是无目的﹑无意识的,它"生而不有,为而不恃,长而不宰",即不把万物据为己有,不夸耀自己的功劳,不主宰和支配万物,而是听任万物自然而然发展着。这里的“自然”是自然而然的自然,即“无状之状”的自然。其意思是,人受制于地,地受制于天,天受制于规则,规则受制于自然。从这里可以看出老子的法的意识里,就是自然法。当然,法制的概念尚未形成。不过,在治理国家时,他主张用自然法来治理天下。道法自然是老子政治哲学和人生哲学的基础。

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