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面包(bread)

名词解释题
2023-03-05 16:29
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正确答案

以小麦粉为主要原料,以酵母为主要疏松剂,经发酵、成形、烘焙、冷却、包装等工序加工制成的松软多孔的主食方便食品。按成品中有无蛋、乳及其他辅料可分为普通面包和花式面包等品种。面包储藏过程中易老化(breadstaling)亦称面包陈化、面包硬化或面包固化。即面包在储藏过程中产生的口味变劣、组织变硬等现象。老化的面包其皮变硬、易掉渣、香味消失、口感粗糙、下咽困难,其消化吸收率均降低。面包皮易霉变,污染面包的霉菌种类很多,主要有青霉菌、青曲菌、根霉菌、赭曲菌及白霉菌等。生长霉菌的面包,带有霉臭味,表面有彩色斑点,严重时斑点会蔓延至整个面包皮,甚至侵入面包内部,最终使整个面包霉变。霉变孢子喜霉湿环境,最适温度为20℃~35℃。


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