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西藏僧人学经大概情况是怎样的?

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2023-03-05 17:12
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20世纪中期,哲蚌寺有学僧7000,色拉寺学僧5000,扎什伦布寺、塔尔寺、拉卜楞寺各有3000—4000千。大小辩经学院全藏区有1500多所,学僧有几十万人。各辩经院都设有显宗和密宗博士学位。显宗学院主修的是“五部大论”,即因明学、般若学、中观学、俱舍学、律学。
因明学包括《摄类辩论》和《释量论》,学制为4~5年。般若学以《现观庄严论》为纲,学习印藏学者的般若疏论,学制一般3~4年。般若学考试答辩合格后,授予中级学位。中观学以《入中论》为纲,学习龙树《中观论》和提婆《中观四百颂》等有关中观的各家学说,学制一般2年。俱舍学以世亲《俱舍论》为纲,学习上部和下部阿毗达摩诸论,学制4年。律学以功德光《律经根本颂》为纲,学习戒律。完成五部学业共需16~17年,经考试答辩,成绩优秀的可以获得“多冉巴”、“拉冉巴”等显宗博士学位。然后再进入密宗学院,学习密宗总论和各部分论,学制3~4年,辩论成绩合格者可获得“俄冉巴”即密宗博士学位。如甘丹金座法王的任职资格,必须取得显密双学位,并且经过几十年的学修实践,品德威望俱佳者,才有入选资格。
所以说,藏传佛教是重知识、知识力量最强的佛教。藏传佛教的经论研究成果之巨大,以堆积如山的论文、论著为证。


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