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简述观赏性美术的类型和特征。

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2023-03-05 17:21
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观赏性美术主要是指绘画和雕塑。观赏性美术的主要特点是满足人们观赏,即审美的需要,掌握欣赏绘画作品和雕塑作品最基本的知识和方法是了解观赏性美术的特点,它也是提高广告创作艺术能力的基础。
(1)绘画的主要特点
绘画是用色彩、线条在平面上描绘形象的美术种类。它包括图案装饰和建筑设计图等一切画种和品类及其所有样式、形式。它运用刷、笔、手指、刀等各种可被利用的工具,通过拓印、腐蚀、挥洒、涂抹等各种绘制手段将用墨、颜料等材料,移置于木板、皮革、纸张、纺织品、器皿墙壁或岩石等平面上,利用色彩、透视、线条、明暗、点、线面等造型因素,构图形成具有一定形体、质感、静止和平面的视觉形象。
在广告美学的范畴里,并不是要求学会绘画,而是学会欣赏绘画,把绘画作为素材运用于广告的创作中,它不是创造绘画,而是培养懂得绘画艺术美的能力,一旦掌握绘画的特点,就能够提高欣赏绘画艺术的深度,借助绘画来表达广告创意和广告制作的理念,提高广告的艺术性。在现代表现技术十分发达的今天,各种现代设计为了展示设计的面貌和独特的个性,还喜欢利用绘画绘制各种设计效果图。例如,房地产广告,一个追求文化品位的房地产开发商,在确定楼盘的宣传定位时,要求广告设计者能表现中国文化的底蕴。那么,借助国画的特点,能最好表达客户的理念。
(2)雕塑的主要特点
雕塑,来源于拉丁语,是“削去、刻出”的意思。它是以雕、刻、塑,以及堆、焊、敲击、编织等手段制作三维空间形象的美术种类。以雕、刻、塑三种制作方法为主导。雕塑既然是用刀斧等工具,将客观事物本身固有的各种线条、形状等外部因素在三维空间里固定下来。那么这种物质的、立体化的形象就使人们可以凭视觉直接感受到它,而且,还可以通过触觉触摸到它的存在,圆雕甚至可以让观众从不同的角度去欣赏。这是雕塑区别于其它艺术首要的特征。
在广告美学的范畴里,并不是要求学会制作雕塑品,而是学会欣赏雕塑品,把雕塑作为素材运用于广告的创作中,它不是创造雕塑艺术,而是培养懂得雕塑艺术美的能力,在广告创意和制作中,运用雕塑艺术手段来展现广告主题的方式越来越普遍。一旦掌握雕塑的特点,就能够提高欣赏雕塑艺术的深度,提高广告的艺术性。特别是运用雕塑更注重形体之美、具有高度的概括性和雕塑艺术运用的材质的特性来表现广告,能提高广告的艺术美。随着现代科学技术的发展,出现了许多新材料,使雕塑的材料更加丰富多彩。通过发挥材料本身所包含的审美价值,呈现独特的艺术魅力,提升广告的艺术品位。


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