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屋大维改革

名词解释题
2023-03-10 01:20
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屋大维进行的建立罗马帝国的全方位改革。罗马共和制度经过苏拉独裁、前三头同盟、恺撒独裁,后三头同盟,至屋大维时已破坏殆尽,公元前30年,屋大维成功翦灭异己,后三头同盟仅剩1人,建立帝国时机已熟,公元前27年,元老院授予屋大维“奥古斯都”称号,罗马帝国正式建立,在整个过程中屋大维陆续进行了健全帝国制度的系列改革。
其内容在内政上主要有:一、建立“戴共和之衣,行君主之实”的元首制:屋大维独揽军、政、司法、宗教等权,自称为元首,并没有采用君主的称号,然创立了新的君主称号“奥古斯都”;二、健全官僚机构,为中央集权服务;三、提高贵族元老和骑士的地位,并以他们作为统治的支柱;四、小恩小惠笼络平民,严防暴动,颁布法律奖励生育,提倡节俭生活等,稳定地层;五、坚决维护奴隶制度;六、在行省上实行等级制度,并继承恺撒的部分开放罗马公民权、建立特别殖民地以安置老兵和平民等措施;七、改革币制和历法制度;八、进行军事改革,牢牢掌控军权,建立常备军,最后完成了职业常备军的过渡。对外政策上是继续推行扩张政策。
屋大维改革稳定了初建的帝国秩序,奠定了罗马帝国早期经济和文化发展的基础,在罗马史上占有非常重要的地位。


试题解析

标签: 世界史 历史学
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