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为什么说“中央与地方权责划分是地方政府公共财政的现实基础”?

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2023-03-10 18:00
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中央与地方权责划分是一个普遍现象,无论单一制国家还是复合制国家都存在,只是分权程度和方式不同。在单一制国家中,中央政府和地方政府是一个整体,地方政府的权力由中央政府规定和授予。授予分两种:一种是将某种或某些国家事务的立法权和行政权同时授予地方政府,另一种是中央政府将上述权利分开,由国家立法、由地方执法,国家拥有立法和监督权,地方政府拥有委托行政权。
单一制国家的财政体制是一种中央和各级地方政府在中央统一领导下,根据事权划分及与之相适应的财政权力的划分,实行统一财政预算和分级管理的一种体制模式。
联邦制国家的财政体制是指在宪法和法律确定的各级政府的独立事权的基础上,各级政府独立地行使各自的财政权力,自收自支、自求平衡、自行管理、自成一体的体制模式。中央政府与地方政府之间没有整体关系,政府间的财政联系主要以分税制和转移支付制度实现。
因此,中央政府与地方政府之间的权责划分,由此导致的中央政府与地方政府之间的财政权限的划分是地方政府公共财政的现实基础。


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