There is nothing in this world constant butinconstancy. —SWIFT Project after project designs a set of algorithms and thenplunges into construction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule thatdemands delivery of the first thing built.?In most projects, the first system built is（71） usable. Itmay be too slow, too big, awkward to use, or all three. There is no （72） but to startagain, smarting but smarter, and build a redesigned version in which theseproblems are solved. The discard and （73） may be done in one lump, or it may be done piece-by-piece. But alllarge-system experience shows that it will be done. Where a new system conceptor new technology is used, one has to build a system to throw away, for eventhe best planning is not so omniscient （全知的） as to get it right the first time.The management question, therefore, is notwhether to build a pilot system and throw it away. You will do that. The onlyquestion is whether to plan in advance to build a （74） , or topromise to deliver the throwaway to customers. Seen this way, the answer ismuch clearer. Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time, but it does soonly at the （75） of agony （极大痛苦）for the user, distraction for the builders while they do theredesign, and a bad reputation for the product that the best redesign will findhard to live down.Hence plan to throw one away; you will,anyhow.（71）

There is nothing in this world constant but inconstancy．--SWIFTProject after project designs a set of algorithms and then plunges into construction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule that demands delivery of the first thing built．In most projects,the first system built is （71） usable,It may be too slow,too big,awkward to use,or all three．There is no （72） but to start again,smarting but smarter,and build a redesigned version in which these problems are solved．The discard and （73） may be done in one lump,or it may be done piece-by-piece．But all large-system experience shows that it will be done．Where a new system concept or new technology is used,one has to build a system to throw away,for even the best planning is not so omniscient（全知的）as to get it right the first time．The management question,therefore ,is not whether to build a pilot system and throw it away．You will do that．The only question is whether to plan in advance to build a （74）,or to promise to deliver the throwaway to customers．Seen this way,the answer is much clearer．Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time,but it does so only at the （75） of agony（极大痛苦）for the user,distraction for the builders while they do the redesign,and a bad reputation for the product that best redesign will find hard to live down．Hence plan to throw one away;you will,anyhow．71.()

lf a park visitor is hurt or in danger, cell phones make it easier to get help.

It is the responsibility of the Master or person in charge of a ship to ensure that（）.

It is the responsibility of the Master or person in charge of a ship to ensure that（）.

It’s polite to keep our voice down in public.

While working in setup mode, a configuration line is typed incorrectly. What should you do to exit setup mode, without executing or saving any of the mistakes you made?（）

 ______ twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.

Practice 3　　A newspaper is much more than a business; it is an institution. It reflects and influences the life of a community; it may affect even wider destinies.　　It is, in its way, an instrument of government. It plays on the minds and consciences of man. It may educate, stimulate, assist, or it may do the opposite. It has, therefore, a moral as well as a material existence, and its character and influence are in the main determined by the balance of these two factors. It may make profit or power its first object, or it may conceive itself as fulfilling a higher and more exacting function.　　Character is a subtle affaire, and has many shades and sides. It is not a thing to be much talked about, but rather to be felt. It is the slow deposit of past actions and ideas.　　At the perils of its soul, a newspaper must see that the news it supplies is not tainted. Neither in what it gives, nor in what it does not give, nor in the mode of presentation, must the unclouded face of truth suffer wrong. Comment is free, but facts are sacred. “Propaganda,” so called, by this means is hateful. The voice of opponents no less than that of friends has a right to be heard. Comment also is justly subject to a self-imposed restraint. It is well to be frank; it is even better to be fair. This is an ideal. Achievement in such matters is hardly given to man. Perhaps none of us can attain to it in the desirable measure. We can but try, ask pardon for shortcomings, and there leave the matter.　　One of the virtues, perhaps the chief virtue, of a newspaper is its independence. Whatever its position or character, it should have a soul of its own.　　That is the path of self-respect—it is also the path of success. And what a work it is! How multiform, how responsive to every need—and every incident of life! What illimitable possibilities of achievement and of excellence!　　To the man, whatever his place on the paper, nothing should satisfy short of the best. It is here that ability counts and that character counts, and it is on these that a newspaper, if it is to be worthy of its power and duty, must rely.

It is customary in shipping practice to quote freight rates（）weight or measurement,ship’s option.

Practice 1　　Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. (1) It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child—things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. (2) But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things, or being punished for what he has done wrong.

Practice 10　　(1) Advertisement can be thought of “as the making known in order to buy or sell goods or services.” Advertisement aims to increase people’s awareness and arouse interest. It tries to inform and to persuade. (2) There can be no doubt that the growth in advertisement is one of the most striking features of the western world in this century.