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督政府

名词解释题
2021-08-31 03:45
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法国大革命后期的中央行政机构。1795年8月22日热月党人组成的国民公会通过共和三年宪法,宪法规定建立两院制的立法机构,行政权属于由五位督政官组成的督政府。10月27日巴拉斯等5人当选为督政官,是为督政府时期的开端。这一时期法国面临严重的财政危机,国内阶级矛盾异常尖锐,政局动荡不安。督政府的政策左右摇摆,这种摇摆政策在历史上称作“秋千政策”。督政府的统治基础十分狭窄,没有使人瞩目的政绩。1798年第二次反法同盟组成后,法国在军事上节节失利。1799年11月,拿破仑借机发动“雾月政变”,结束了督政府的统治。


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标签: 世界史 历史学
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