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collagen (胶原)

名词解释题

2021-09-01 03:37

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是细胞外最重要的水不溶性纤维蛋白，是构成细胞外基质的骨架。胶原在细胞外基质中形成半晶体的纤维，给细胞提供抗张力和弹性，并在细胞的迁移和发育中起作用。胶原在各种动物中都有存在。脊椎动物中腱、软骨和骨中的胶原非常丰富，几乎占了蛋白总重的一半。
胶原蛋白的基本结构单位是原胶原（tropocollagen），原胶原肽链的一级结构具有（Gly-x-y）n重复序列，其中x常为脯氨酸（Pro），y常为羟脯氨酸（Hypro）或羟赖氨酸（Hylys）。Hylys残基可发生糖基化修饰，其糖单位有的是一个半乳糖残基（Gal），但通常是二糖（Glu-Gal-），胶原上的糖所占的量约为胶原的10%。原胶原是由三条

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