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简述影响土的渗透性的因素主要有哪些。

问答题
2021-09-05 05:36
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正确答案

(1)土的粒度成分及矿物成分。土的颗粒大小、形状及级配,影响土中孔隙大小及其形状,因而影响土的渗透性。土颗粒越粗,越浑圆、越均匀时,渗透性就大。砂土中含有较多粉土及粘土颗粒时,其渗透系数就大大降低。
(2)结合水膜厚度。粘性土中若土粒的结合水膜厚度较厚时,会阻塞土的孔隙,降低土的渗透性。
(3)土的结构构造。天然土层通常不是各向同性的,在渗透性方面往往也是如此。如黄土具有竖直方向的大孔隙,所以竖直方向的渗透系数要比水平方向大得多。层状粘土常夹有薄的粉砂层,它在水平方向的渗透系数要比竖直方向大得多。
(4)水的粘滞度。水在土中的渗流速度与水的容重及粘滞度有关,从而也影响到土的渗透性。


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