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男,65岁。因腹水服用利尿剂2周。3天来出现少语寡言及随地便溺。5年前诊断为肝硬化。目前行为异常的原因首先考虑为()

单选题
2021-12-25 14:34
A、神经症
B、脑血管意外
C、肝性脑病
D、电解质紊乱
E、代谢性酸中毒
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正确答案
C

试题解析
患者有肝硬化病史,本次因腹水服用利尿剂,继而出现精神紊乱,考虑肝性脑病可能性。肝性脑病是严重肝病引起的、以代谢紊乱为基础的中枢神经系统功能失调的综合征,其主要临床表现是意识障碍、行为失常和昏迷。肝性脑病的诱因包括消化道出血、药物使用不当、感染、便秘、放腹水等。肝硬化腹水患者在腹腔穿刺放腹水的过程中,若速度过快或量过大,可使腹内压骤然下降,门静脉系统血管扩张,回流至肝的血液减少,肝细胞发生缺氧和坏死,进一步影响肝功能。同时,大量放腹水还可使蛋白质和电解质丢失过多,造成电解质紊乱,促进肝性脑病的发生。

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