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大乘佛教

名词解释题
2021-12-26 17:45
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佛教派别。公元前6世纪中期,佛教产生,在长期的发展演变中,形成了诸多派别,公元1世纪左右,大乘佛教在印度形成,因其自称为“大道,普渡众生”而得名,其它诸派被大乘佛教派贬称为“小乘”,意为“小道,普渡小生”。大乘思想根源于某些早期部派,但有许多理论创造,主要理论及特点有:一、接受其它宗教“神崇拜”的影响,将佛陀由导师上升为神,进行偶像崇拜;二、突破早期佛教修炼只能超脱生死轮回观念,主张“人人皆可以成佛”;三、突破早期佛教靠清规戒律以求超脱的思想,主张居家过日,心里有佛,诚心念佛即可修取功德;四、突破早期佛教自救理论,认为在修炼过程中不仅能自救,而且能救人;五、舍弃早期佛教“我空法有”的观念,认为“法我皆空”。大乘佛教适应了历史的发展潮流,更加地接近普通大众,逐渐成为佛教的最大宗,在世界范围为有着较大影响。大乘佛教产生后传播至中亚、中国、日本、朝鲜、越南、印尼以至斯里兰卡,成为了北传佛教的主流。

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标签: 世界史 历史学
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