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什么是蜕皮现象?

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2021-12-27 20:47
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正确答案

线虫动物门(例如:人蛔虫)、节肢动物、蛇类等动物类群有蜕皮现象,下面以节肢动物的蜕皮为例说明。
蜕皮前,动物停止取食,上皮细胞层与旧的外骨骼分离,并由上皮细胞层产生新的外骨骼(此时的新外骨骼不坚硬);新外骨骼比旧外骨骼宽大,雏褶于旧外骨骼之下;同时由上皮细胞分泌蜕皮液于上皮与旧外骨骼之间,蜕皮液内含有几丁酶和蛋白酶,能将旧外骨骼分解,其分解产物被上皮细胞吸收,但新外骨骼不受蜕皮液的影响。
旧外骨骼由于分解溶化而变薄,并在一定部位(即蜕裂线)破裂,最后动物就从破裂缝处钻出,前后肠内的旧外骨骼也连在一起脱下;脱去旧外骨骼后,动物由于吸水、吸气或肌肉伸张而使身体膨胀,柔软、雏褶而又具弹性的新外骨骼便随之扩张,这样身体也就生长。再经过一段时间,新外骨骼渐渐增厚、变硬,生长便停止了。蜕皮受激素的控制。


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