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《史记.项羽本纪》人物描写的主要手法。

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2022-03-02 22:10
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正确答案
一是以事件写人物。即选择精彩生动的生活片断来描写和刻画人物。司马迁选择了钜鹿之战、鸿门宴、垓下之围三件历史重大事件进行重点描写,既反映了秦汉之际重大的历史事件和时代风云,也再现了项羽一生中的三次成败关键时刻的言行,突出了他既鲜明又丰富的个性特征。
二是细节描写。即常常用一些细微情态表现人物的精神个性。鸿门宴上,范增三次举玦示意,表示他要求项羽杀刘邦的急切。樊哙闯帐,表现他的勇敢与对刘邦的忠诚。项羽与范增对刘邦托张良转送礼物的不同态度,可见项羽并未意识到此后的命运,而范增已预料到可悲的结局。
三是场面描写。精彩的场面描写往往能创造人物的活动舞台,使读者有身临其境之感。钜鹿之战的场面,有声有色,惊心动魄。鸿门宴的场面,刀光剑影,明争暗斗。在保持人物与基本情节真实的前提下,司马迁也不排斥想象。鸿门宴前刘邦、张良、项伯的密谈,乌江边项羽与亭长的对话,都不免有司马迁“合情合史”的想象与发挥。
四是运用对比的手法。对比手法的妙用使人物的性格特点更加鲜明、突出。例如“鸿门宴”中项羽恃勇骄横,刚愎自用,粗疏麻痹,毫无远虑;刘邦则知人善任,谋臣能从容定计,将士能临危受命。项羽养奸贻患,又自绝敌营内应;刘邦则能忍辱负重,善于采纳意见,随机应变,保存自己。项羽任人唯亲,致使谋臣不能施其谋,将士不能效其力;刘邦则有奸必肃,又能争取敌营的人为自己效劳。又如樊哙之衬托项庄,张良之衬托范增,都能起到烘云托月之效。这样的对比、映衬,使人物性格更加鲜明。

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