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塞尔维乌斯改革

名词解释题
2022-01-02 05:08
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正确答案

古罗马王政时代第六王塞尔维乌斯进行的罗马国家创建改革。为适应古罗马内外发展的需要,增强实力,公元前579年第六王塞尔维乌斯即位后,进行了调整社会内部关系改革。其主要内容有:一、以地域部落代替血缘氏族部落:整个罗马被划分为4个城区和15或16个乡村,每个新部落设立了管理机构,除奴隶外的所有人都被记录在册成为罗马公民;二、按财产多寡划分等级:所有罗马公民被划分成5个等级,不同的等级拥有不同的权利和义务;三、创设森都利亚大会:5个等级选举代表以百人为单位组成各自的森都利亚,不同的等级提供不同的森都利亚数目,共计170个森都利亚,每个森都利亚只有一票表决权,集体投票制度。四、组建军事武装:不同等级提供数目不等的军事森都利亚,其中第1等级提供18个骑兵森都利亚;不同等级的军事森都利亚要求的装备也不同,如第1等级要求全副武装,第5等级则只要求自备投石器,军事森都利亚闲时生产,战时出征。塞尔维乌斯改革是古罗马王政时代后期社会发展的必然要求,它打破了原始的血缘藩篱,建立了整套的国家机器,标志着罗马国家的建立的最终完成。
归于塞尔维乌斯名下的改革并不完全合乎历史真实,但改革的主要内容基本符合当时罗马社会的发展状况,无可怀疑。


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标签: 世界史 历史学
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