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农业协议谈判的背景是什么?

问答题
2022-03-15 15:40
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农产品贸易作为一个特殊的领域,一直游离于关税与贸易总协定规则的有效约束之外,农业保护深深地植根于发达国家的农业政策之中,以至于在1947年关贸总协定“肯尼迪回合”以后的多边贸易谈判中,尽管试图将农产品贸易问题纳入关税与贸易总协定的管理框架,但都未能如愿以偿。由于不能对农业保护主义进行有效的约束,发达国家利用1947年关税与贸易总协定的体制缺陷,一方面极力推行农业支持和进口限制政策,造成农产品生产过量和结构严重失衡;另一方面又为缓解库存压力,处理剩余产品,通过巨额出口补贴向国际市场大量销售农产品。这些做法导致国际农产品贸易冲突在20世纪80年代初不断升级,严重扭曲了国际农产品市场。
1986年“乌拉圭回合”启动时,农产品贸易问题被列为该轮谈判的中心议题之一。

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