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简述能力与知识、技能的关系。

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2022-03-16 15:06
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(1)能力与知识、技能的区别
①知识是人脑对客观事物的主观表征。知识有不同的形式,一种是陈述性知识,即“是什么”的知识;另一种是程序性知识,即“如何做”的知识。知识是能力基本结构中的一个不可缺少的组成部分。
②技能是指人们通过练习而获得的动作方式和动作系统。技能也是一种个体经验,但主要表现为动作执行的经验,因而与知识有所区别。技能可分为操作技能(动作是由外显的肌体运动实现,对象是物体)和心智技能(借助于内在的智力操作实现,对象是观念)。由于技能直接控制活动的动作程序的执行,是能力结构的基本组成部分。-
③知识并不等同于能力。知识和技能是能力的基础。但只有能够广泛应用和迁移的知识和技能,才能转化为能力。能力不仅包含了一个人现在已经达到的成就水平,而且包含了一个人具有的潜力。知识与能力是有区别的。
(2)能力与知识、技能的联系
①能力的形成与发展依赖于知识、技能的获得。
②能力的高低又会影响到掌握知识、技能的水平。从一个人掌握知识、技能的速度与质量上,可以看出其能力的大小。
③能力是掌握知识、技能的基础,又是掌握知识、技能的结果。两者是相互转化、互相促进的。正确理解能力和知识、技能的关系,有助于科学地传授知识、培养技能、发展能力,这对社会进步和个人发展具有重要意义。


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