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简述贫困恶性循环理论。

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2022-06-14 10:18
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正确答案
经济学家纳克斯提出了贫困恶性循环理论,他认为,一个人、一个家庭、一个地区乃至一个国家的贫困问题往往存在着一种循环现象,资本形成不足是贫困恶性循环的中心环节,他从资本的供给和需求两方面论述了贫困恶性循环的形成过程。
从资本的供给方面看:低收入——低储蓄(资本形成不足)——低资本形成——低生产率——低收入
从资本的需求方面看:低收入(购买能力不足)——低资本引诱——低资本形成——低生产率——低收入
因此,贫困产生于贫困,贫困又带来了贫困。贫困人员往往生存质量差,受教育机会少,在接受公共卫生和医疗服务等方面处于劣势地位,因而就业机会较少,竞争力差,贫困成为贫困的根源。运用社会救助政策来打破贫困的恶性循环是任何一个国家的重要目标之一。

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