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简述阿奎那关于人法的分类。

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2022-06-30 13:51
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(1)人法是从自然法来的。依此,人法可分为万民法和市民法。万民法是直接从自然法得出的直接结论;市民法是为满足需要而从自然法中产生出个别应用标准。
(2)人法是以城市的公共福利为目标。依此,人法可依对公共福利负有不同职务加以区分:有祈祷的祭司,有管理社会的统治者,有与之相适应的规范。
(3)人法应该由市民社会的统治者加以颁布。依此,不同的政体就有不同的法律。君主政体有“君主的律令”,贵族政体有“智者的意见”和“元老院的建议”,寡头政体有“执政法官”或称为“荣誉法”,民主政体或全民政治有“平民法”,暴君政治没有相应的法律,混合政体的法律是“经贵族和平民一致认可后”制定的。
(4)人法的法律是支配人类行动的法则。依此,法律依不同的对象而进行分类,有时就以它们的制定者来命名。


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