（） are individuals and organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be affected as a result of project execution or project completion.

工程网络计划的优化目标有(　　)。

（）involves comparing actual or planned project practices to those of other projects to generate ideas for improvement and to provide a basis by which to measure performance. These other projects can be within the performing organization or outside of it, and can be within the same or in another application area.

鼎利路测软件中新建project时，将弹出“configure project”窗口，其中一项Scale表示经纬度与东北坐标（Easting-Northing）相互转换时的放大倍数，对于标准的UTM坐标系，Scale一般等于（），对于其他坐标系一般等于（）。

话务统计为了解BSC的运行情况、定位网络问题和进行网络优化提供了丰富的信息。话务统计分析是网络规划工程师进行网络优化的必备技能。

 The（）technique involves using project characteristics in a mathematical model to predict total project cost. Models can be simple or complex.

Project selection methods involve measuring value or attractiveness to the project owner or sponsor and may include other organizational decision criteria （）is not a project selection method.