正确答案
试题解析
录音中提到随着工业革命的开展,男性逐渐取代了女性在工厂里的地位,同时“The men demanded higher pay...”,因此选项A符合录音内容。
【录音原文】
By creating factories, the industrial revolution drove a wedge between the home and the workplace that dramatically affected both men and women. Wives who had been accustomed to working alongside, or at least in proximity to, their husbands on the farm or in the shop or workshop now found that the major source of employment was away from home. The industrial revolution, perhaps even more than the political revolutions, forced redefinitions of identities. What should the woman’s role and place be now? In a world that expected most females to be under the protection of males, how were single women to define, and fend for, themselves? In what voice should the feminist movement address these complex issues?
As the industrial revolution began in semi-rural locations, its labor force was drawn primarily from young, unmarried women, frequently daughters of local farmers. Some of the early factory owners built boarding houses for the women and treated them protectively, as young wards.
As new machinery became heavier, as factory work became more prevalent, and as economic depression pressed down on both American and British economies, the workforce shifted. Men, often farmers and immigrants, moved into the factories, displacing the women. The men demanded higher pay, which factory owners had previously hoped to avoid by hiring women. The culture of the industrializing world of that time, primarily in Britain called for men to support their families. A young, unmarried woman might earn just enough for herself and that would be adequate. A man required a “family wage”. The rising productivity of constantly improving machinery made this “family wage” possible, and it became the baseline standard for industry. Women were thus displaced from factory work and brought back to the home. By the second half of the nineteenth-century, “domesticity” became the norm for middle and even working-class women and their families.