翻译：With Average or With Particular Average（WA or WPA）（）

管理幅度也称管理跨度，是指一名上级管理人员直接领导的下级人员的数量。（）

管理幅度是指一个主管能够直接有效地指挥下属成员的数目。经研究发现，高层管理人员的管理幅度通常以（）较为合适。

Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo，without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent，is（）.

（）, or drum is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes which will fasten the ship to the shore.

A salvor may be（）the whole or part of the payment due under Salvage Convention to the extent that the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult because of fault or neglect on his part or if the salvor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.

The （） is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes.

Vessels must be（）valid certificate of nationality or certificated of registry or license.

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

管理幅度是指主管人员（）。

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

管理幅度是指一个主管能够直接有效地指挥下属成员的数目。经研究发现，高层管理人员的管理幅度通常以________较为合适。